书名：自然语言标注——用于机器学习（影印版）

作者：James Pustejovsky, Amber Stubbs 著

国内出版社：东南大学出版社

出版时间：2013年06月

页数：344

书号：978-7-5641-4281-0

原版书书名：Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning

原版书出版商：O'Reilly Media

 

James Pustejovsky是布兰迪斯大学计算机科学系教授，从事人工智能和计算语言学领域的教学和研究工作。

James Pustejovsky teaches and does research in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics in the Computer Science Department at Brandeis University. His main areas of interest include: lexical meaning, computational semantics, temporal and spatial reasoning, and corpus linguistics. He is active in the development of standards for interoperability between language processing applications, and lead the creation of the recently adopted ISO standard for time annotation, ISO-TimeML. He is currently heading the development of a standard for annotating spatial information in language. More information on publications and research activities can be found at his webpage: pusto.com.

 

 

 

Amber Stubbs博士于2013年在布兰迪斯大学计算机科学系取得博士学位，其博士论文的主题是自然语言标注方法论。之后Amber Stubbs博士任纽约州立大学阿尔巴尼分校博士后研究员，目前是波士顿西蒙斯学院图书馆与信息科学学院及计算机科学专业的助理教授。

Amber Stubbs recently completed her Ph.D. in Computer Science at Brandeis University, and is currently a Postdoctoral Associate at SUNY Albany. Her dissertation focused on creating an annotation methodology to aid in extracting high-level information from natural language files, particularly biomedical texts. Her website can be found at http://pages.cs.brandeis.edu/~astubbs/

 

 

The animal on the cover of Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning is the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). Their scientific name came about from European travelers who found the birds so beautiful, they named them for mythical nymphs. Hollandicus refers to “New Holland,” an older name for Australia, the continent to which these birds are native. In the wild, cockatiels can be found in arid habitats like brushland or the outback, yet they remain close to water. They are usually seen in pairs, though flocks will congregate around a single body of water.

Until six to nine months after hatching, female and male cockatiels are indistinguishable, as both have horizontal yellow stripes on the surface of their tail feathers and a dull orange patch on each cheek. When molting begins, males lose some white or yellow feathers and gain brighter yellow feathers. In addition, the orange patches on the face become much more prominent. The lifespan of a cockatiel in captivity is typically 15–20 years, but they generally live between 10–30 years in the wild.

The cockatiel was considered either a parrot or a cockatoo for some time, as scientists and biologists hotly debated which bird it actually was. It is now classified as part of the cockatoo family because they both have the same biological features—namely, upright crests, gallbladders, and powder down (a special type of feather where the tips of barbules disintegrate, forming a fine dust among the feathers).